Biotechnology Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders characterised by a single point mutation in the β-globin gene, producing abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) called HbS. This leads to red blood cells (RBCs) deforming into a sickle shape, causing chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), organ damage and, in severe cases, premature death.1-3 4 November 2025